Lipid nanoparticles crossing the placenta into a developing fetus

I still remember a time when we would protect pregnant women and their baby. This journal article only reinforces that the covid vaccine should have NEVER been given to any pregnant woman. Ever. (It shouldn’t have been given to anyone, ever.)

https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/79886

As we discussed many times, birth rates have dropped globally since the introduction of mRNA injections.  We know that the vaccine accumulates in many areas of the body where it is not supposed to, the “it stays in the arm” theory has long since sailed into misinformation of epic proportion.

“Synthetic nanoparticles (NP’s) are specifically designed or unintentionally produced by different human activities. Owing to their nano size and special properties, the engineered NPs can enter the human body through different routes such as dermal penetration, intravenous injection and inhalation. NPs may accumulate in various tissues and organs including the brain. Indiscriminate use of NP is a matter concern due to the dangers of NP exposure to living organisms. It is possible for NPs to cross the placental barrier, and adversely affect the developing fetus, posing a health hazard in them by causing neurodevelopmental toxicity. Thus, NP-induced neurotoxicity is a topic that demands attention at the maternal-fetal interface. This chapter summarizes the routes by which NPs circumvent the blood-brain barrier, including recent investigations about NPs’ neurotoxicity as well as possible mechanisms involved in neural fetotoxicity.

Types of synthetic nanoparticles: Organic and inorganic nanoparticles include liposomes, dendrimers, micelles, gold, iron, silver, aluminum, titanium oxide , and zinc oxide. Nanomaterials can also be classified based on their size for example zero-dimension, one dimension, two dimension, and three dimensions. Silver, gold, copper, and platinum are some of the most commonly used metals NP. Metal-based NPs can be easily conjugated with various functional groups, like polylysine, polyethylene glycol (PEG) or bovine serum albumin.

(Notice the PEG?  That is what is in mRNA injections).  Extensive use of engineered NP poses risk to human health. The health hazards are cause of concern in pregnant women and their unborn children. Therefore, it is important to study the toxic effect of NP on developing fetuses. In this chapter, we summarize the developmental toxicity of NP on the nervous system.

How nanoparticles become toxic: Smaller NPs have been shown to induce more pronounced blood brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, brain edema and neuronal injuries, glial fibrillary acidic protein upregulation, and myelin vesiculation in young animals.   In vivo animal studies have demonstrated that administration of higher doses of smaller particles NP caused their increased accumulation in placental and embryonic/fetal tissues.

How nanoparticles get into cerebrospinal fluid: The NPs enter the CNS through three main routes: (1) Transport through the lymphatic and circulatory system; (2) Activity of the mucocilliary escalator followed by oral exposure; and (3) Transport through the olfactory and trigeminal nerves. This pathway involves the passage of nanoparticles through the olfactory epithelium and the neurons associated with it to the brain. After uptake, NPs can permeate into other parts of the brain by simple diffusion and then travel along the direction of the convection of the interstitial fluid and the cerebrospinal fluid flow.

Nanoparticles traveling to the placenta: Exposure of pregnant mice to different NPs has been reported to induce pregnancy complications or damage to the fetus. Placenta is the maternal-fetal interface, which is formed of both maternal and fetal tissues that protects the embryo from harmful substances in the maternal blood. Placenta functions to exchange oxygen, nutrients, metabolic waste, and other molecules between the maternal and fetal bloodstream. Factors that control the transfer of substances between maternal and fetal circulation include membrane surface area and thickness, blood flow, hydrostatic pressure in the intervillous chamber and the difference between fetal and maternal osmotic pressure. Beside the placenta, amnion, chorion and parietal decidua also surround the fetus. These membranes are impervious to most of the xenobiotics in the maternal blood.

The brains from the fetuses of rats and mice have shown the presence of NP when the pregnant mothers were exposed to NP. Nano-silica and nano-TiO2 have been reported to accumulate in the placenta, fetal liver, and fetal brain when injected to pregnant mice. The extent of transfer of nanoparticle across the placenta depends on the characteristics and functionalization of the particles. NPs with diameters 1–100 nm have been shown to transverse the placental barrier and were detected in the brain of the offspring. Gestational age is an important factor affecting the toxicity of NP on the fetus.

The accumulated NP has been reported to cause psychiatric disorders such as autism, schizophrenia, and depression in offspring. Exposure of pregnant mice to aluminum NP has been shown to induce neurodevelopmental changes which persisted during adulthood. This was accompanied by an anxiety-like behavior and impairment of cognitive function in offspring exposed to aluminum nanoparticles during in utero life. Prenatal exposure to TiO2 NPs has been shown to impair the antioxidant status, cause oxidative damage to nucleic acids and lipids in the brain of newborn pups and enhanced the depressive-like behaviors during adulthood. Prenatal exposure to TiO2 NP has been associated with depressive behavior in adults. In the case of ZnO NP, the depressive behavior has been attributed to their neurotoxic effects on neural development.

Most of the resulting damage of the nervous tissue is usually irreversible. NPs have been reported to disrupt the cytoskeleton of cells of the CNS and thus cause cell death. NPs been shown to regulate the expression of neuronal channels and other proteins involved in excitability and neurotransmission. Microglia, account for ~20% of the glial cells in the brain. They are a type of glial cells, which are the resident innate immune cells in the brain and regulate neuroinflammation.  It was demonstrated that low levels of SiNPs can alter microglial function by changing the expression of proinflammatory genes and cytokine release. Excessively activated or uncontrollable microglia can cause nerve toxicity by inducing proinflammatory factors, such as interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, prostaglandin E2, and interferon-γ.

Conclusion: The brain has a limited capacity to excrete NPs. Therefore, NPs that bypass the blood brain barrier and reach the fetal brain during embryonic development result in neurodevelopmental toxicity in growing fetus and psychiatric disorders in offspring. Compelling evidence from animal studies on nanotoxicity during pregnancy shows that cautions must be taken by pregnant women when using NP-based products or medicine.

This was a profoundly interesting study because this solidifies why we should not expose pregnant women or infants or small children to any of the “adjuvants” found in vaccines. Aluminum, titanium oxide, PEG……all of them are found in various vaccines.  This is a micro-scale look at how these nanoparticles affect the developing brain when given to mom during pregnancy via the placenta, but remember this: these nanoparticles travel systemically in the bodies of anyone who receives the vaccine.  What is crossing the placenta is crossing the vaccinated brain barrier as well.

Just say no to vaccines.  If you are pregnant, put NOTHING into your body that can risk you or your fetus.  Zero “shots” of anything.